Gingko Biloba and Hypericum Peforatum Uses

Gingko Biloba and Hypericum Peforatum Uses 1.0 Gingko biloba Ginkgo biloba is an herb extracted from the leaves of the tree. It has been traditionally used for improvement of blood flow (vasodilation), protection of cells from oxidative damage (antioxidation) and enhancement of memory and concentration. The herb is known to induce CYP450 enzymes such as CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2B, changing the metabolism of several drugs.2 Hence, concomitant intake of some drugs with Ginkgo may give rise to herb-drug interactions which can cause serious adverse effect. 1.1 Antiepileptic drugs A recent pharmacogenetic study with 18 volunteers revealed significant inductive effect of CYP2C19 by Ginkgo. Omeprazole which has CYP2C9 activity was used as a substrate. The results demonstrated that Ginkgo decreased the AUC of omeprazole by a significant amount. Besides, the plasma concentrations of omeprazole and its metabolite were reduced by almost 30% when compared to controls. From the results obtained, it might be deduced that Ginkgo reduces serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs which are substrates of CYP2C19 like phenytoin, phenobarbital and diazepam.3 Ginkgo might also induce CYP2B activity. According to study by Kubota et al 2004, Ginkgo was shown to reduce the hypnotic potency of phenobarbital (50 mg/kg) in rats. The maximum plasma concentration and AUC of phenobarbital were reduced by 40% and 20%, respectively. These might be due to induction of CYP2B activity by Ginkgo since phenobarbital is a substrate for CYP2B in rats, leading to the possible herb-drug interaction.3 Study also shows that Ginkgo contains a potent neurotoxin, which is a vitamin B6 derivative. It is also known as Ginkgotoxin or 4-O-methopridoxine.2, 3 The neurotoxin is said to be responsible for the seizure activity. It is a competitive antagonist of pyridoxil phosphate which is a coenzyme of the glutamate decarboxylase. Inhibition of this coenzyme inhibits the GABA synthesis. This interaction might hence diminish the effect of antiepileptic drugs. 1.2 Anticoagulants medication One of the concerns associated with Ginkgo is the increase risk of bleeding. Several cases have been reported when taking Ginkgo and anticoagulant drugs like aspirin and warfarin simultaneously. The proposed mechanism of bleeding caused by Ginkgo is via the action of ginkgolide B. According to Smith et al. 1996, Ginkgolide B is a component of Ginkgo which acts as a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist. It is reported to displace PAF from its receptor- binding site, thus inhibiting PAF and results in reduced platelet aggregation and eventually bleeding. Nevertheless, some clinical studies have shown that Ginkgo does not decrease PAF-mediated platelet aggregation as well as prothrombin times.4 Warfarin is metabolised by CYP2C9 enzymes. An in vitro study by Gaudineau et al. 2004 stated that Ginkgo inhibits CYP450 enzymes, mainly CYP2C9. Hence, it is possible that this inhibition might lead to increase in warfarin levels and subsequently greater anticoagulant action. However, there are some contradicting studies which reported that Ginkgo induces rather than inhibits hepatic CYP, including (S)-warfarin hydroxylase. It is also reported that bilobalide found in terpene trilactone fraction of Ginkgo is responsible for the induction. This will thus reduce the efficacy of anticoagulants rather than enhancing the anticoagulant action.4 It remains unclear whether Ginkgolide B increase bleeding and whether Ginkgo potentiates or decreases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in vivo. Nevertheless, it is recommended that for patients on warfarin or other anticoagulants therapy to not take ginkgo-containing products due to a possible risk of serious bleeding. 2.0 Hypericum Peforatum (St. John’s Wort) St. Johns Wort preparations may interact with medicines either by increasing the rate of their metabolism or increasing levels of neurotransmitters. 2.1 Drugs metabolized by CYP-450 St. John’s Wort interferes with metabolism of drugs by inducing some CYP450 enzymes in the liver and gut. For instance, the main enzyme affected is CYP3A4, as well as 1A2 and 2C9. This results in decrease in blood levels and efficacy of some drug metabolised by CYP450 enzyme. The principle behind the induction might be due to presence of hyperforin, which is a component of St. John’s Wort. A study by Moore et al. has shown that hyperforin activates a CYP3A4 regulator transcription. This activation thus induces CYP3A4 expression in human liver cells, thus increase the metabolic rate of drugs and subsequently decrease in therapeutic level. It can be deduced that St. John’s Wort inhibits CYP3A4 acutely and induces this enzyme upon repeated administration based on a systematic review.5 An example of this herb-drug interaction is St. John’s Wort and antiretroviral drugs such as protease inhibitors (PI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI). St. John’s Wort has been shown to decrease plasma concentrations of the drugs by CYP3A4 induction. The effects may also be due to induction of P-glycoprotein. For instance, there was a significant reduction in concentrations of indinavir when taken concurrently with St. John’s Wort in an open-label study.5 This will lead to loss of viral control or development of virus resistance. 2.2 Antidepressants medication St. Johns Wort also increases the neurotransmitter levels in the brain particularly serotonin through additive effect on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants such as fluoxetine and paroxetine. These interactions may lead to mental state changes, sweating, increased blood pressure and motor effects due to increase in serotonin level. Studies have demonstrated that St Johns Wort inhibits the synaptosomal uptake of certain neurotransmitters. It inhibits the uptake of 5-HT, noradrenaline, dopamine, glutamate and GABA. This action is not related to specific binding of the St. John’s Wort to the different transporter molecules, but associated with mechanisms related to Na+ conductive pathways.6 It is found that chronic administration of St. John’s Wort downregulates ÃŽ ²1-adrenoceptors and upregulates postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Nevertheless, the study shows St. John Wort’s upregulates 5-HT2 receptors unlike other antidepressants.6 References xxxx Kupiec T, Raj V. Fatal Seizures Due to Potential Herb-Drug Interactions with Ginkgo Biloba. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2005 Oct; 29:755-58 Landmark CJ, Patsalos PN. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and herbal medicines. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plant. Med. Aromaticas 2008; 7(2):109-18 Takia Y, Yokotania K, Yamadab S, Shinozukac K, Kubotad Y, Watanabed Y, Umegakia K. Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates warfarin-mediated anticoagulation through induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by bilobalide in mice. Phytomedicine 2012 Jan 15; 19(2):177-82 Hammerness P, Basch E, Ulbricht C, Barrette EP, Foppa I, Basch S, Bent S, Boon H, Ernst E. St. John’s Wort: A Systematic Review of Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions for the Consultation Psychiatrist. Psychosomatics 2003 July- Aug; 44(4):271-82 Carloa GD, Borrellia F, Izzoa AA, Ernst E. Is St Johns wort a ‘Prozac-like’ herbal antidepressant? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2001Nov 1; 22(11):559

Math Portfolio Ib Circles

MATHS PORTFORLIO SL TYPE I CIRCLES ? In this portfolio I am investigating the positions of points in intersecting circles. (These are shown on the following page. The following diagram shows a circle C1 with centre O and radius r, and any point P. The circle C2 has centre P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C1 and C2. Circle C3 has the centre A, and radius r. The point P? is the intersection of C3 with (OP). This is shown in the diagram below. As shown on the assignment sheet, r=OA. We therefore need to find the values of OP? hen r=OA=1 for the following of the values of OP: OP=2, OP=3 and OP=4. We first of all extract the triangle OPA from the above diagram and since we have the values for all the three sides we can finds the angle AOP which will later on help to get the value of length OP?. The circle C2 and triangle OPA are shown below with all side of OPA indicated. OP=AP since they are the radii of the same circle, C2. Having all the three sides, we ca n now calubulate the angle AOP using the cosine rule. Angle AOP is calculated below: Cos AOP=(2^(2 _ ) 2^(2 _ ) 1^2)/(-2? 2? 1) Cos AOP=0. 25 ? AOP =COS-10. 5 =75. 52248781 ?75. 5? Since we now having the triangle AOP, we can extract the triangle AOP? from the diagram shown on the previous page which in return will help us to find OP? using the sine rule. The triangle AOP? is shown below: O P For accuracy the value of angle AOP will be used as cos-10. 25 instead of 75. 5?. Since triangle AOP? is an isosceles triangle, AOP=AP? O=cos-10. 25. Therefore OAP? = (180-(2? cos-10. 25)). The calculation of the value of OP? is shown below: (OP? )/(sinOAP? )=(AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 0. 25) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 0. 5) op? = 1/sin? (0. 25) ? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 0. 25) ) op? =1/2 When OP=3, the triangle OPA and the calculation of OP? are as follows: Cos AOP = (3^2-3^2-1^2)/(-2? 3? 1) Cos AOP = 1/6 ? AOP = cos-1 1/6 =84. 4? From the triangle AOP? we can now calculate the l ength of OP? using the sine rule as before. The triangle AOP? and the calculator of OP? is shown below: A 16 OP' AP? O=AOP? =cos-11/6 OAP? = (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/6) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/6) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 1/6) op? = 1/sin? (1/6) ? (180-(2 cos? (-1) 1/6) ) = 1/3 When OP=4; Cos AOP =(4^2-4^2-1^2)/(-2? 4? 1) Cos AOP = 1/8 ? AOP =cos-1 1/8 =82. 4? Using the sine rule; (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 1/8) op? = 1/(sin? (? cos? ^(-1 ) 1/8))? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) = 1/4 When OP=2, OP? = 1/2;when OP=3 , OP? = 1/3 and when OP=4, OP? = 1/4 . This indicates that the value of OP? is dependent on the value of OP. In fact it is inversely proportional to the value of OP.To arrive at the value of OP? , 1 is divided by the value of OP. Therefore generally, the value of OP' can be written as: OP=r/OP Moreover, from the values of OP? calculated above, it is observed that the value of OP? is twice Cos AOP. The general statement therefore can be written as: OP? = 2 Cos? Let OP=2. Find OP? when r=2, r=3 and r=4. Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Comment on whether or not this statement is consistent with your earlier statement. First of all we need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=2. The triangle AOP now looks like as follows:A 22 1. 5P' Since all the sides are of the same length, then AOP=APO=OAP=60Â ° (according to the angle sum of the triangle). The triangle AOP? is shown below from which OP? is found. A 22 O2P' AO=AP? from the diagram given on the lab sheet, therefore AOP=APO=60Â °. The remaining angle OAP= (180-(2? 60)) = 60Â °. This then means that triangle AOP? is an equilateral triangle – all its sides are the same. ?AO=AP? =OP? =2 We now need to calculate the value of OP? when OP=2 and r=3. Below is the triangle AOP and the calculation of angle AOP. 22 3 Cos AOP = (2^2-2^2-3^2)/(-2? 2? 3) Cos AOP = 3/4 AOP = cos-1 3/4 = 41. 4Â ° Having calculated the value of angle AOP, we can now calculate the value of OP? from AOP? using the sine rule as shown below: A 33 O P? Angle OAP? = 180-(2 Cos? ^(-1) 3/4) (OP? )/(sinOAP ? )= (AP? )/(sinAOP? ) (OP? )/sin? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 3/4) ) =1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 3/4) op? = 1/sin? (? cos? ^(-1) 3/4) ? (180-(2 cos? ^(-1) 1/8) ) =9/2=4. 5 The value of OP? is now calculated when OP=2 and r=4 using the same method as above. 22 O4P 44 P? Cos AOP = (2^2-2^2-4^2)/(-2? 2? 4) Cos AOP = 1 ? AOP = cos-1 1= 0AOP? =AP? O=0 ?OAP? =180-(2? 0) = 180Â ° OP? 2= OA2+ AP? 2-2? OA? AP? Cos OAP? = 42+42-2? 4? 4 Cos 180Â ° = 64 OP? = v64 = 8 Below is the table for the vales of r, OP and OP' when OP is kept constant. ROPOP' 222 324. 5 428 When OP=2, OP? =2; when OP=3, OP? = ( 9)/2 and when OP=4, OP? =8. From these results it can be seen that the length OP? increases with the increasing length OP and the general statement for the variation in the values of OP? is as follows: OP? = r^2/OP. This general statement is not fully consistent with the first one because r/OP is not always equal to r^2/OP.When the above values are substituted into the first general statement, wrong values of OP? are obtained but the latter general statement holds for both data. However both the general statements hold true when r=1 since 12=1, which indicates that for this value of r, r^2/n=r/n. Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement of OP?. I used GeoGebra to draw the intersecting circles with the values of r and OP stated and the values of OP? were automatically calculated. When r=1and OP=2 OP=0. 5

Heres What I Know About Physics Essay Topics

Here's What I Know About Physics Essay Topics If it's so, then you'll be having some challenging time for a student in addition to being a writer. Whether you need assistance in, be certain that you'll get high-quality work from us. When it has to do with working with professionals, your best choice would be with us. You'll be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and once you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things are likely to get even more exciting. Physics is a diverse region of study. Build a specific physics topics cssm research plenty of peace. Units courses are some of the the fashion generated. Potential science of prospective science that. Technology is here to remain! Physics is a pure science that addresses the study of matter. It is the perfect combination of mathematics and philosophy. Where to Find Physics Essay Topics All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work in time. Don't fret since there is a solution for you. Simply casting a line into the water and with a reel to try to catch the fish involves lots of aspects of physics. Thus, a physics term paper is an argument that should be logical, with a logical stream of interlinked ideas. Alternatively, you may use our plagiarism checker available for free to be sure you haven't accidentally stolen any bit of content. The Physics Essay Topics Cover Up Whether there are any key limitations of your work, you may also mention this in brief within the introduction. Mathematics, you are going to understand how to compose several the essentials of simple situation like one quickly. Anyway, you may select some theoretical biology issues with a wide application in actual life. Your topic must remain within the range of the rubrics your instructor has provided. Physics Essay Topics - the Story To provide you with some idea about various physics topics which you might want to discuss as part of your persuasive essay, you may want to look through the topics and titles that were outlined below. Open any book you enjoy, and you'll have a significant number of ling uistics essay topics. Would you like to see additional information about short essay on. There are several interesting biology essay topics to select from. There isn't any room for unsupported info in your essay. There are several different topics that it is possible to use whenever writing an academic paper regarding physics. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. There are lots of essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the authentic list of the very best. You ought to be forward thinking and understand wherever your resources will come from and the way you'll get them. If you search for topics online you'll have the ability to opt for an interesting one. Put simply, you've got to choose acute and intriguing topics that readers will highly evaluate. The Physics Essay Topics Chronicles In reality, it doesn't have to. There are a lot of less orthodox connections, but they're less well-formed. The ever-growing inclination to find the difficulties in furthering our comprehension of physics creates scientific pivots which have the te mporary sound and feel ofcomfort. Subjects like mathematical physics, and quantum chemistry are merely some of the subjects which are still associated with that. It is a very interesting science that studies the world we are living in. It uses these theories to not only describe physical phenomena, but to model physical systems and predict how these physical systems will behave. Unresolved physics difficulties. The Meaning of Physics Essay Topics A protracted essay in company and management provides students with a chance to perform in-depth research in a place of private interest regarding business and management. Our company provides endless support to students in all kinds of educational levels from grad school to college. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. In case the topic is intriguing, students will discover that it's simpler to write about. With this kind of a wide subject, students find it tough to narrow down their research to a specific topic. To make finding a topic a little easier, they can use some of the ideas in the following list. Some students are happy when they're given freedom in trying to find topic ideas, while some aren't.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1656 Words

â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do any harm but make music for us †¦ that’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird†, is a famous quote from the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus, the father of the main character Scout, says this to her and her brother Jem when they receive rifles for Christmas. This book is considered a classic due to the allegory between the book title and the trial that occurs about halfway through the book. In the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is six. She is an innocent girl who doesn’t attend school and doesn’t question much. When she starts school her entire world begins to change and continues to throughout the rest of the book. When Scout is seven, a trial occurs in her town of Maycomb county over a negro named Tom Robinson and flips her entire world upside down. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses a primary theme that one will lose their innocence as they grow up due to the people and ev ents that occur around them, which can be seen through the characterization and contrast between the characters of Scout, Jem and Boo Radley. Scout is characterized as innocent through indirect characterization in the beginning of the book To Kill a Mockingbird. Her lack of experience with the world can be seen as soon as she starts school with her first grade teacher Mrs. Caroline Fisher. Mrs. Caroline Fisher is not from Maycomb county and does not know the details about each family that lives there. The children in her class, though, have grownShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â⠂¬Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the them e growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch, Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1656 Words Everyone in their life has an important influence from someone who served to shape one’s sense of right and wrong. This can be either by a person or our own experiences throughout our life that build up and become the ultimate cause to the development of our sense of good and evil. The novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† was written by â€Å"Harper Lee† when racial prejudice against African Americans was at stake. In this novel, Jem and Scout are the important characters who continue change through the events of â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird.† There are numerous events in this story that triggers the kid’s development as individuals, however, these are the main events that are totally liable for their development of morality. Firstly, Jem and Scout were perpetrated in the event at Calpurnia’s church when they were not welcomed and with this, the kids learned that a person’s character is irrespective of the skin color and all the races tha t were were arising during that period; Tom Robinson’s trial influences the kids as the verdict of guilty disturbs them and duresses them to lose their trust on justice and fairness; Aunt Alexandra’s over proudness of her family history also shapes the kid’s morality as she apprises them not to play with people who have low status and thus they learn that there are people in this world who are exceptionally proud of their social status and that segregations and racism during that period is emerging because of these type of people; and ultimately, when BooShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the ma iden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues fac ed by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgr owing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,